howto create bootable CDROM in linux

Download BusyBox from here.
Download BusyBox config file from here.
Download ISO build script from here.

Make sure Linux has he following configs enabled:

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=16
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=4096

# chmod +x script.sh
# ./script.sh
untarring busybox...OK
making busybox...OK
making initrd...OK
crreating iso image...OK
making ISO image (grub.iso)...OK

Test "grub.iso" in VmWare:

RAMDISK: gzip image found at block 0
EXT4-fs (ram0): mounted filesystem without journal
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly on device 1:0
Freeing unused kernel memory: 276k freed

BusyBox v1.17.1 (2010-08-03 19:24:37 IST) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of build-in commands.

/bin/sh: can't access tty: job control turned off
#

Reference:
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO/cd-roms.html
http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialCDBurn.html

http://linuxtuneup.blogspot.com/2006/01/slipstreaming-windows-cd-under-linux.html
http://odin.himinbi.org/xp_cds/eltorito_extraction.html

http://alinux.tv/Kernel-2.6.34/initrd.txt
http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Initramfs

findout name and ip of machines in the network

Download latest version of WinPcap from here (1.4.2).
Download latest version of namp from here (1.2.9).

C:\>nmap -sP 192.168.10.0/24

Nmap scan report for 192.168.10.1
Host is up (0.041s latency).
MAC Address: 00:24:01:XX:YY:ZZ (D-Link)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.10.100
Host is up (0.047s latency).
MAC Address: 00:1F:3B:XX:YY:ZZ (Intel Corporate)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.10.101
Host is up.
--> ME

Nmap scan report for 192.168.10.102
Host is up (0.078s latency).
MAC Address: 00:1C:DF:XX:YY:ZZ (Belkin International)

Nmap scan report for 192.168.10.104
Host is up (0.00s latency).
MAC Address: 00:19:D2:XX:YY:ZZ (Intel)

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (5 hosts up) scanned in 4.94 seconds

This command took almost 15-20 min

FOR /L %i IN (1,1,254) DO ping -n 1 192.168.10.%i | FIND /i "Reply">> c:\ipaddr.txt
 Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=64
 Reply from 192.168.10.101: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
 Reply from 192.168.10.102: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=128

Reference:
http://nmap.org
http://www.winpcap.org
http://www.petri.co.il/quickly_find_used_ip_addresses.htm

automate switch commands for Nortel Baystack

download the perl script loop.pl

# yum install perl-Net-Telnet

# chmod +x loop.pl
# ./loop.pl <switch IP Address>
  loop.pl version 1.0.0; running on linux; perl version 5.008008
  Connecting with Telnet to ...........OK
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:49:32
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:49:39
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:49:46
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:49:53
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:00
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:07
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:14
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:21
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:28
  sysUpTime:             31 days, 21:50:35

Reference:
http://cosimo.europe.nortel.com/Scripts/acg.pl/acg.pl

create a ramfs in VxWorks

In Linux:

# mkdir -p /mnt/tmp
# mount -t tmpfs -o size=20m tmpfs /mnt/tmp
# mount
  tmpfs on /mnt/tmp type tmpfs (rw,size=20m)

# df -h
  tmpfs                  20M     0   20M   0% /mnt/tmp
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/tmp/file bs=1024 count=1024
# df -h
  tmpfs                  20M  1.1M   19M   6% /mnt/tmp

# mkfs -t ext3 -L "RamDisk 1" /dev/ram0

# mkdir -p /mnt/rd
# mount /dev/ram0 /mnt/rd -t ext3
# mount
  /dev/ram0 on /mnt/rd type ext3 (rw)

# df -h
  /dev/ram0             3.9M  1.1M  2.7M  29% /mnt/rd
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/rd/file bs=1024 count=1024
# df -h
  /dev/ram0             3.9M  2.1M  1.7M  56% /mnt/rd

In VxWorks:

I hate VxWorks

Reference:
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2008/11/overview-of-ramfs-and-tmpfs-on-linux
http://www.vanemery.com/Linux/Ramdisk/ramdisk.html

http://www.fys.uio.no/studier/kurs/fys4220/docs/vxworks/guide/index.html
http://www.fys.uio.no/studier/kurs/fys4220/docs/vxworks/guide/c-iosys7.html

encrypt/decrypt with openssl

# echo "hi there" > test
# openssl aes-128-cbc -in test -base64 -k password
  U2FsdGVkX18mc7Sq6Q3CqPVbNe3Kp7Pyqr2sDo7rQTE=

# openssl aes-128-cbc -in test -base64 -k password > test.enc
# openssl enc -d -in test.enc -k password
  U2FsdGVkX18z0h1BxcQtiQ7Fq7xKnabTC8fZnmw1bOE=

# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -in test.enc -k password -base64
  hi there

# echo -n "" | md5sum
  d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
# echo -n "hi there" | md5sum
  fd33e2e8ad3cb1bdd3ea8f5633fcf5c7

Reference:
http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~jrblack/class/csci6268/f05/slides/CSCI6268L12.ppt
http://www.mydigitallife.info/2008/12/10/how-to-calculate-and-generate-md5-hash-value-in-linux-and-unix-with-md5sum

mount baystack binary config file

Download baystack binary config file from here.

# hexdump baystack.bin -C -n 1024
00000000  00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000010  00 00 00 00 00 00 41 41  00 30 00 00 01 00 00 0b  |......AA.0......|
00000020  00 30 00 0f 00 10 00 04  35 2e 30 2e 32 2e 30 33  |.0......5.0.2.03|
00000030  33 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |3...............|
00000040  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000070  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 c3 37 a3 f3 eb 3e  |...........7...>|
00000080  90 56 58 44 4f 53 31 32  00 00 02 01 01 00 02 70  |.VXDOS12.......p|
00000090  00 00 08 f9 06 00 11 00  01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000000a0  00 00 00 00 29 ff ff ff  ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |....)...........|
000000b0  00 00 00 00 46 41 54 31  32 20 20 20 00 00 00 00  |....FAT12   ....|
000000c0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000270  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 55 aa f9 ff  |............U...|
00000280  ff ff 9f 09 ff 6f 00 ff  ff ff ff ff 04 ff ff ff  |.....o..........|
00000290  0d f0 ff ff 0f 01 11 20  01 13 40 01 15 60 01 17  |....... ..@..`..|
000002a0  80 01 19 a0 01 1b c0 01  1d e0 01 1f 00 02 21 20  |..............! |

# dd if=baystack.bin of=msdos.img bs=1 skip=126
# mkdir mnt
# mount msdos.img mnt/ -o loop
# ls mnt/
a_inspct.nvr  clfrdata.qpa  gblCfg.nvr    ipt_ping      password.nvr
qctempl.cfg   softlic       telCfg.nvr    apps          def_cmd.nvr
ifcmap.qpa    l3dhcpr.nvr   pdtCfg.nvr    quickset.cfg  staticrt.cfg
usbcfg.nvr    asc_cfg       d_snoop.nvr   igmp.nvr      l3mgr.nvr
plcycomp.qpa  qVlan         stpcfg2.nvr   buttonui.nvr  eap_enh.nvr
ipmgrcfg.nvr  mltScfgS.nvr  pmtCfg.nvr    rtccfg.nvr    stpcfg.nvr
cfgfile.nvr   eap.nvr       ipt_cfg       neap.nvr      polcfg.nvr
snmpv3        syslog

Reference:
http://www.c-jump.com/CIS24/Slides/FAT/lecture.html

SerDes

Some of the standard interface used to connect MAC-block to a PHY chip are AUI, MII, GMII, and XAUI.

AUI : Attachment Unit Interface (for 10 megabit Ethernet)
MII : Medium Independent Interface, 4bit wide data path (for 100 megabit Ethernet)
GMII : Gigabit MII, 8bit wide data path (25 pin parallel) (for gigabit Ethernet)
-> RGMII : Reduced Gigabit MII (12 pin parrallel)
-> SGMII : Serial Gigabit MII (4 pins per port)
XAUI : A 10G AUI (for 10 gigabit Ethernet).

A SERDES (serializer/deserializer) transceiver converts parallel data to/from serial data, thereby reducing the number of signals needed in a chip to chip interface.

The System Packet Interface Level 4 Phase 2 (SPI4.2) is a high-speed interconnection for 10Gbps aggregate bandwidth applications.

NPI - PCI target Network Packet Interface.

Reference:
http://pinouts.ru/Net/mii_pinout.shtml
http://40gethernet.wordpress.com/2009/05/08/overview-of-the-xaui-xlaui-and-caui-part1/
http://www.commsdesign.com/design_corner/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16505086
http://www.latticesemi.com/products/intellectualproperty/referencedesigns/xauihigighigigtospi4x2s4b/index.cfm
http://opencores.org/project,smii